DINAMIKA USAHATANI DI INDONESIA TANTANGAN DAN TRANSFORMASI

Abdelraheem, A. A. E. (2024). Value chain analysis and managing supply chain costs. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 12, 1747.

Abiri, R., Rizan, N., Balasundram, S. K., Shahbazi, A. B., & Abdul-Hamid, H. (2023). Application of digital technologies for ensuring agricultural productivity. Heliyon, 9(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22601

Adams, D. W., & Vogel, R. C. (1986). Rural financial markets in low-income countries: Recent controversies and lessons. World Development, 14(4), 477–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(86)90064-1

Adiana, B. E., Laili, M. A. N., Ramadhan, A. M. W., Fisabilillah, S. N., Fatikasari, A., Najwa, A. F., Malinda, I. P., Fakhruriza, F., Rahmatillah, P. K., Alkautsar, Z. I., & Prasetiyo, A. (2025). Dissemination Of Agricultural Technology As An Innovation For Modern Agricultural Transformation In Lebak Village, Grabag. Community Empowerment, 10(9), 1826–1835. Https://Doi.Org/10.31603/Ce.14579

Ajib, M., & Habiburrahman Aksa, A. (2023). Dampak Perkembangan Teknologi Pertanian Terhadap Perubahan Sosial Masyarakat Petani. Al-I’timad: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Pengembangan Masyarakat Islam, 1(1), 19–41. https://doi.org/10.35878/alitimad.v1i1.725

Aker, J. C. (2011). Dial “A” for agriculture: A review of information and communication technologies for agricultural extension in developing countries. Agricultural Economics, 42(6), 631–647. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2011.00545.x

Aker, J. C., Ghosh, I., & Burrell, J. (2016). The promise (and pitfalls) of ICT for agriculture initiatives. Agricultural Economics, 47(S1), 35-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12301

Akter, S., Rutsaert, P., Luis, J., Htwe, N. M., San, S. S., Raharjo, B., & Pustika, A. (2017). Women's empowerment and gender equity in agriculture: A different perspective from Southeast Asia. Food Policy, 69, 270-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.05.003

Altieri, M.A. (2018). Agroecology: The Science of Sustainable Agriculture (3rd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Amam, A., & Rusdiana, S. (2021). Pertanian Indonesia Dalam Menghadapi Persaingan Pasar Bebas. Jurnal Agriovet, 4(1), 37–68. Https://Doi.Org/10.51158/Agriovet.V4i1.506

Aminah, S., & Syafri, W. (2023). The Local Government’s Strategy Optimizing Extension Worker Role For Smallholder Empowerment. E3s Web Of Conferences, 444, 3008. Https://Doi.Org/10.1051/E3sconf/202344403008

Anderson, J. R., & Feder, G. (2004). Agricultural extension: Good intentions and hard realities. The World Bank Research Observer, 19(1), 41-60. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkh013

Anjelina, P., Permana, A. D., & Alfianny, R. (2023). Sustainability And Strategy Of Vegetable Crops Enterprises Based On Integrated Pest Management (Case Study In Mekarsaluyu Village, Cimenyan Subdistrict, Bandung Regency). Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 27(1), 41. Https://Doi.Org/10.22146/Jpti.72071

Arvianti, E. Y., Masyhuri, M., Waluyati, L. R., & Darwanto, D. H. (2019). Gambaran Krisis Petani Muda Indonesia. Agriekonomika, 8(2), 168–180. Https://Doi.Org/10.21107/Agriekonomika.V8i2.5429

Awokuse, T., Lim, S., Fabio, S. & Steinbach, S. (2024). Robust policy frameworks for strengthening the resilience and sustainability of agri-food global value chains. Food Policy, 127, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102714

Ayisi, D. N., Kozári, J., & Krisztina, T. (2022). Do smallholder farmers belong to the same adopter category? An assessment of smallholder farmers innovation adopter categories in Ghana. Heliyon, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10421

Azhari, R., Nababan, R., & Hakim, L. (2021). Strategi Pengendalian Hama Tanaman Padi dalam Peningkatan Produksi Pertanian oleh Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Karawang. Jurnal Agri Sains, 5(2). http://ojs.umb-bungo.ac.id/index.php/JAS/index

Aziz, S. A., Jayanti, R., & Dinaseviani, A. (2024). The Role Of Bank And Startup Fintech P2p Lending In Supporting Financial Credit For Indonesian Farmers. Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan Dan Pembangunan Daerah, 12(1), 47–66. Https://Doi.Org/10.22437/Ppd.V12i1.23575

Bachriadi, D., & Wiradi, G. (2011). Enam dekade ketimpangan. Masalah Penguasaan Tanah di Indonesia, Bandung: Agrarian Resource Centre, Bina Desa dan Konsorsium Pembaruan Agraria.

Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. (2019). Roadmap SDGs Indonesia Menuju 2030. Jakarta: Bappenas.

Badan Pusat Statistik, (2023). Jumlah Usaha Pertanian menurut Kepmpok Luas Lahan Pertanian yang Dikuasai. https://sensus.bps.go.id/topik/tabular/st2023/228/0/0

Badan Pusat Statistik, (2024). Distribusi Persentase Produk Domestik Bruto Atas Dasar Harga Berlaku Menurut Lapangan Usaha (persen). https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/3

Badan Pusat Statistik, (2026). Rumah Tangga Usaha Pertanian (RTUP). https://sensus.bps.go.id/main/index/st2023

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Complete Enumeration Results of the 2023 Census of Agriculture—Edition 1. BPS-Statistics Indonesia.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Hasil Pencacahan Lengkap Sensus Pertanian 2023—Tahap I. BPS-Statistics Indonesia.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Hasil Sensus Pertanian 2023: Tahap I. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Hasil sensus pertanian 2023: Tahap I. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Statistik Indonesia 2023. Jakarta: BPS.

Bakari, Y. (2019). Analisis Karakeristik Biaya Dan Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Sawah. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 15(3), 265. Https://Doi.Org/10.20956/Jsep.V15i3.7288

Barrett, C. B., Reardon, T., & Webb, P. (2001). Nonfarm income diversification and household livelihood strategies in rural Africa: Concepts, dynamics, and policy implications. Food Policy, 26(4), 315-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-9192(01)00014-8

Bates, R. H. (1981). Markets and states in tropical Africa: The political basis of agricultural policies. University of California Press.

Bebbington, A., & Perreault, T. (1999). Social capital, development, and access to resources in Highland Ecuador. Economic Geography, 75(4), 395–418. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.1999.tb00127.x.

Bhagat, R., Walia, S. S., Sharma, K., Singh, R., Singh, G., & Hossain, A. (2024). The integrated farming system is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach to the sustainability of agri-food systems in the modern era of the changing climate: A comprehensive review. In Food and Energy Security (Vol. 13, Number 1). John Wiley and Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.534

Bhandal, R., Meriton, R., Kavanagh, R. E., & Brown, A. (2022). The application of digital twin technology in operations and supply chain management: a bibliometric review. Supply Chain Management : An International Journal, 27 (2), 182. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-01-2021-0053

Bialowas, T., & Budzynska, A. (2022).The Importance of Global Value Chains in Developing Countries’ Agricultural Trade Development. Sustainability, 14, 1389. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031389

Bijman, J. (2008). Contract farming in developing countries: An overview. Wageningen University.

Bonanno, A., Russo, C. & Menapace, L. (2017). Market power and bargaining in agrifood markets: A review of emerging topics and tools. Agribusiness : An International Journal, 34 (1) : 6. https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21542

Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). Greenwood.

Brief, A. E. (2016). Gender equality in agriculture: What are really the benefits for sub-Saharan Africa?.

Budiyanto, D. S. B., & Salakory, M. (2025). Pengembangan Ekowisata Kebun Salak Negeri Wakal di Kecamatan Leihitu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Hatunuku: Jurnal Pendidikan IPS, 1(2), 194-205.

Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95–S120. https://doi.org/10.1086/228943

Conley, T. G., & Udry, C. R. (2010). Learning about a new technology: Pineapple in Ghana. American Economic Review, 100(1), 35–69. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.100.1.35

Conway, G.R. (1987). The Properties of Agroecosystems. Agricultural Systems, 24(2), 95–117.

Dadi, Z., & Yunita. (2024). Manajemen Usahatani. Jakarta: Penerbit Agribisnis Indonesia.

Deininger, K., & Binswanger, H. (1999). The evolution of the World Bank’s land policy: Principles, experience, and future challenges. The World Bank Research Observer, 14(2), 247–276. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/14.2.247

Deshingkar, P. (2012). Environmental risk, resilience and migration: Implications for natural resource management and agriculture. Environmental Research Letters, 7(1), 015603. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/015603

Devendra, C., & Thomas, D. (2002). Crop-animal interactions in mixed farming systems in Asia. Agricultural Systems, 71(1-2), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-521X (01)00034-8

Dewi, Y. A., Bahru, B. A., & Zeller, M. (2026). Revealing the effect of agricultural interventions on technical efficiency: Empirical evidence from Indonesian smallholder rice farmers. Agricultural and Food Economics, 14, Article 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-026-00454-1

Dhiman, A. (2024). The Effects of Market Monopolies on Consumer Welfare and Economic Efficiency. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR), 6 (5), 1. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.28759

Di Vita, G., Spina, D., De Chiani, R., Carbone, R., D’Amico, M., & Zanchini, R., (2023). Enhancing the extended value chain of the aromatic plant sector in Italy: a multiple correspondence analysis based on stakeholders’ opinions. Agricultural and Food Economics, 11, 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-023-00257-8

Do, M. N. (2022). The key for success in the value chain of a social entrepreneur in Vietnam. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 17 (6), 1193. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-01-2022-0019

Dokyi, E., Anang, B. T., & Owusu, V. (2021). Impacts of Improved Seed Maize Technology Adoption on Productivity and Technical Efficiency in Northern Ghana. Open Economics, 4(1), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.1515/openec-2020-0102

Doss, C., Meinzen-Dick, R., Quisumbing, A., & Theis, S. (2018). Women in agriculture: Four myths. Global Food Security, 16, 69-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.10.001

Duffy, C., Toth, G. G., Hagan, R. P. O., McKeown, P. C., Rahman, S. A., Widyaningsih, Y., Sunderland, T. C. H., & Spillane, C. (2021). Agroforestry contributions to smallholder farmer food security in Indonesia. In Agroforestry Systems (Vol. 95, Number 6, pp. 1109–1124). Springer Science and Business Media B.V. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-021-00632-8

Eaton, C., & Shepherd, A. W. (2001). Contract farming: Partnerships for growth (FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin No. 145). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Edwards-Jones, G. (2006). Modelling farmer decision-making: Concepts, progress and challenges. Animal Science, 82(6), 783-790. https://doi.org/10.1017/ASC2006112

Elizabeth, R. (2019). Peningkatan Dayasaing Tanaman Pangan Melalui Akselerasi Agroindustri Dan Pemberdayaan Kelembagaan Pertanian. Mimbar Agribisnis Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis, 5(2), 379. Https://Doi.Org/10.25157/Ma.V5i2.2411

Elizabeth, R., & Anugrah, I. S. (2020a). Akselerasi Hilirisasi Produk Agroindustri Berdayasaing Mendongkrak Kesejahteraan Petani Dan Ekonomi Pedesaan. Mimbar Agribisnis Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis, 6(2), 890. Https://Doi.Org/10.25157/Ma.V6i2.3604

Elizabeth, R., & Anugrah, I. S. (2020b). Pertanian Bioindustri Meningkatkan Dayasaing Produk Agroindustri Dan Pembangunan Pertanian Berkelanjutan. Mimbar Agribisnis Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis, 6(2), 871. Https://Doi.Org/10.25157/Ma.V6i2.3603

Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business. Oxford: Capstone Publishing.

Ellis, F. (2000). Rural livelihoods and diversity in developing countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fan, S., Hazell, P., & Thorat, S. (2000). Government spending, growth and poverty in rural India. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 82(4), 1038–1051. https://doi.org/10.1111/0002-9092.00101

Fane, G., & Warr, P. (2008). Agricultural protection in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 44(1), 133–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074910802001611

FAO. (2018). A training manual for small-scale mechanization service providers. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

FAO. (2024). Promoting sustainable agricultural mechanization for smallholder farmers: Five steps to develop effective business models. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Farida, T., Susilowati, D., & Maula, L. R. (2023). Fenomena Peralihan Usahatani Apel ke Komoditas Lain di Kecamatan Bumiaji Kota Batu. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis, 1(5). https://jim.unisma.ac.id/index.php/SEAGRI/article/view/20860/15541

Faried, A. I., Uswatun, U., Sembiring, R., & Ulzannah, N. (2024). Pemberdayaan Petani Padi Melalui Inovasi Teknologi Pertanian: Strategi Peningkatan Produksi Dan Pendapatan Di Desa Sidodadi Ramunia. Jurnal Pengabdian West Science, 3(11), 1253–1266. Https://Doi.Org/10.58812/Jpws.V3i11.1721

Fatmayati, A. (Anggi ), Budi, H. (Hasiun ), Zuliansyah, M. A. (Muhammad ), Sabrina, L. (Leni ), Arieni, D. (Devi ), Luhukay, J. M. (Johanna ), Saleh, Y. (Yanti ), Irawan, A. B. (Anjani ), & Amruddin, A. (Amruddin). (2024). Manajemen Agribisnis Abad 21. In Neliti. Https://Repository.Penerbitwidina.Com/Publications/567512/Manajemen-Agribisnis-Abad-21

Feder, G., & Umali, D. L. (1993). The adoption of agricultural innovations: A review. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 43(3-4), 215-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1625 (93)90053-A

Feyaerts, H., Van Den Broeck, G. & Maertens, M (2020). Global and local food value chains in Africa: A review. Agricultural Economics, 51 (1), 143. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12546

Fidyani, Y., & Wisudawati, T. (2020). Analisis Struktur Pasar Kedelai Di Kabupaten Grobogan. Journal Science Innovation and Technology (SINTECH), 1 (1), 13. https://doi.org/10.47701/sintech.v1i01.859

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2024). The State of Food and Agriculture 2024. Rome: FAO.

Food and Agriculture Organization. 2017. The Future of Food and Agriculture: Trends and Challenges. Rome: FAO.

Food and Agriculture Organization. 2021. The State of Food and Agriculture 2021. Rome: FAO.

Glover, D. J., (1984). Contract farming and smallholder outgrower schemes in less-developed countries. World Development, 12 (11-12), 1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(84)90008-1

Goldberg, L. R. (2013). Thinking, Fast and Slow, by D. Kahneman.

Hadi, S., Stoeckel, A., Putra, A. S., Putra, R. A. R. S., & Ginting, A. (2020). Gender and rural transformation in Indonesia. Bogor: Sayogyo Institute.

Hafsah, M. J. (2000). Kemitraan usaha: Konsepsi dan strategi. Pustaka Sinar Harapan.

Hanafie, R. 2023. Investasi Usahatani dalam Perspektif Finansial. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.

Hardaker, J.B., Lien, G., Anderson, J.R., & Huirne, R.B.M. (2015). Coping with Risk in Agriculture (3rd ed.). Wallingford: CABI Publishing.

Hardaker, J.B., Lien, G., Anderson, J.R., & Huirne, R.B.M. (2015). Coping with Risk in Agriculture (3rd ed.). CABI Publishing.

Hartono, B., Toiba, H., Putritamara, J. A., & Rahman, M. S. (2024). Do Dynamic Capabilities, And Entrepreneurial Orientation Promote Farm Resilience? Insights From Indonesian Beef-Cattle Farmers Facing Foot And Mouth Disease Outbreak. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 10(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/23311932.2024.2409486

Haryanto, T., Wardana, W. W., Jamil, I. R., Brintanti, A. R. D., & Ibrahim, K. H. (2023). Impact of credit access on farm performance: Does source of credit matter? Heliyon, 9(9), e19720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19720

Hellin, J., Lundy, M., & Meijer, M. (2009). Farmer organization, collective action and market access in Meso-America. Food Policy, 34(1), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.10.003

Hermanto, & Swastika, D. K. S. (2011). Penguatan kelompok tani: Langkah awal peningkatan kesejahteraan petani. Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian, 9(4), 371–390. https://doi.org/10.21082/akp.v9n4.2011.371-390

Hikmat, M., Hati, D. P., Pratamaningsih, M. M., & Sukarman, S. (2023). Kajian Lahan Kering Berproduktivitas Tinggi Di Nusa Tenggara Untuk Pengembangan Pertanian. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan, 16(2), 119. Https://Doi.Org/10.21082/Jsdl.V16n2.2022.119-133

Hilwa, L., Ngutfah, U., Laela, N., Rais, M. I., & Aprianto, N. E. K. (2024). PERSAINGAN PASAR OLIGOPOLI DI INDONESIA. JURNAL AKADEMIK EKONOMI DAN MANAJEMEN, 1 (4), 193. https://doi.org/10.61722/jaem.v1i4.3321

Holle, Y. (2022). Penguatan Kelembagaan Kelompok Tani Untuk Meningkatkan Posisi Tawar Petani. Sosio Agri Papua, 11(1), 35–40. Https://Doi.Org/10.30862/Sap.V11i01.253

Hugeng, H., Trisnawarman, D., & Huntarso, A. I. Y. (2023). Enhanced IoT Solution System for Smart Agriculture in Indonesia. Green Intelligent Systems and Applications, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.53623/gisa.v3i2.325

Ibikoule, G. E., Lee, J., & Godonou, L. A., (2024). Smallholders’ vulnerability in the maize market: An analysis of marketing channels to improve the role of cooperatives in Benin. Heliyon, 10, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27746

Indriasari, S., Sensuse, D. I., & Resti, Y. (2024). Information technology adoption in Indonesia’s small-scale dairy farms. Open Agriculture, 9(1), 20220304. https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0304

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2023). Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Geneva: IPCC.

Irawan, F. R. P., Arifianto, T. & Zefriyenni (2025). ANALISIS STRUKTUR PASAR DAN STRATEGI PENETAPAN HARGA PRODUK BARU DALAM PERSAINGAN MONOPILISTIK. Indo-MathEdu Intellectuals Journal, 6 (6), 9697. http://doi.org/10.54373/imeij.v6i6.4269

Kalogiannidis, S., Karafolas, S. & Chatzitheodoridis, F. (2024). The Key Role of Cooperatives in Sustainable Agriculture and Agrifood Security: Evidence from Greece. Sustainability, 16, 7202. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167202

Kementerian Koperasi dan UKM. (2022). Data koperasi nasional tahun 2022. Kementerian Koperasi dan UKM Republik Indonesia.

Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. (2020). Pedoman pengarusutamaan gender dalam pembangunan pertanian. Jakarta: KPPPA RI.

Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. (2016). Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Republik Indonesia Nomor 67/PERMENTAN/SM.050/12/2016 tentang Pembinaan Kelembagaan Petani. Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia.

Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. 2020. Rencana Strategis Kementerian Pertanian Tahun 2020–2024. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian RI.

Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. 2022. Statistik Pertanian 2022. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian.

Kementerian Pertanian RI. (2021). Petani Milenial: Membangun pertanian masa depan. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia.

Kementrian Pertanian Republik Indonesia, 2023. Strategi Transformasi Pertanian Indonesia. Jakarta.

Khusna, K., Kurniati, R. F., & Muhaimin, M. (2019). Pengembangan Model Pemberdayaan Petani Padi Melalui Program Hulu Hilir Agromaritim Bidang Pertanian. Matra Pembaruan, 3(2), 98–99. Https://Doi.Org/10.21787/Mp.3.2.2019.89-98

Kim, D. & Steinbach, S. (2025). Is the WTO Passé? The Impact of Multilateral Economic Integration on Agri-Food Global Value Chains. The World Economy, 48 (9), 2063. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13737

Knight, F.H. (1921). Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Komarek, A.M., De Pinto, A., & Smith, V.H. (2020). “A Review of Types of Risks in Agriculture: What We Know and What We Need to Know.” Agricultural Systems, 178, 102738.

Krishna, A. (2001). Moving from the stock of social capital to the flow of benefits: The role of agency. World Development, 29(6), 925-943. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X (01)00020-1

Kurniawan, Y. (2020). Adaptation Of The Era Of Disruption In The Agricultural Sector To Realize The Welfare Of Farmer Families. Journal Of Creativity Student, 5(2), 187–208. Https://Doi.Org/10.15294/Jcs.V5i2.36291

Kusnadi, L., Rukminto, I., & Teknologi, P. (2021). Peran Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi Pada Program Kemitraan Pt Tanifund Madani Indonesia (Tanifund). Jurnal Pembangunan Manusia, 2(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.7454/Jpm.V2i1.1015

Lalus, M. F., Krova, M., & Ratu, M. R. D. (2022). Optimum Combination Of Food Crops And Livestock Farms As A Strategy To Maximize Farmers’ Income In Kupang Regency– Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan Terpadu, 10(1), 48. Https://Doi.Org/10.23960/Jipt.V10i1.P48-70

Lansing, J. S. (2006). Perfect order: Recognizing complexity in Bali. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Latupapua, Y. T., & Lewerissa, E. (2024). Kajian Persepsi Petani terhadap Dampak Diversifikasi Tanaman Hortikultura pada Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga di Kabupaten dengan Risiko Kekeringan Tinggi. Tumbuhan: Publikasi Ilmu Sosiologi Pertanian Dan Ilmu Kehutanan, 1(1), 46-67.

Leavy, J., & Hossain, N. (2014). Who wants to farm? Youth aspirations, opportunities and rising food prices. IDS Working Paper, 2014(439), 1-44.

Li, B. (2021). Monopoly Characteristics and Policy Analysis of China's Online Retail Market. BCP Business & Management, 13, 87. https://doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v13i.54

Li, K. (2025). Market Power and Consumer Welfare: A TheoreticalAnalysis of Imperfect Competition. Proceedings of ICEMGD 2025 Symposium: The 4th International Conference on Applied Economics and Policy Studies, 1, 1. DOI: 10.54254/2754-1169/2025.BJ25114

Li, X., Li., Y. & Lu., Q. (2025). Can Organizational Participation Enhance Farmers' Sales Bargaining Power? Empirical Evidence From a Major Kiwifruit Producing Region in China. Agribusiness: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.70002

Lisa, H. & Risviyaldi (2025). Optimalisasi Penggunaan Akad Salam dalam Pembiayaan Sektor Pertanian Syariah untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Petani. Jurnal Bisnis, Ekonomi Syariah, dan Pajak, 2 (3), 96. https://doi.org/10.61132/jbep.v2i3.1464

Liu, E. M. (2013). Time to change what to sow: Risk preferences and technology adoption decisions of cotton farmers in China. Review of Economics and Statistics, 95(4), 1386-1403. https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00295

Lorenzen, R. P. (2015). Disintegration, formalisation or reinvention? Contemplating the future of Balinese irrigated rice societies. The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 16(2), 176–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2014.1000953

Lund, B. D., Omame, I., Tijani, S., & Agbaji, D. (2020). Perceptions toward Artificial Intelligence among Academic Library Employees and Alignment with the Diffusion of Innovations’ Adopter Categories. College & Research Library.

Maharani, N. Y., Maulidya, N. R., Susila, P. O. Y., Bustomi, M. F., & Puspasari., E. Y (2024). Dampak Kartel Ayam Terhadap Struktur Pasar dan Persaingan Usaha di Indonesia: Analisis Ekonomi Pasca Kasus 2016. KEAT: Kajian Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Terapan, 1 (4), 148. https://doi.org/10.61132/keat.v1i4.642

Mariyono, J. (2018). Profitability and determinants of smallholder commercial vegetable production. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 24(3), 274-288.

Meliany, B. S., Syaukat, Y. & Hastuti (2021). STRUKTUR PASAR DAN DAYA SAING KARET ALAM INDONESIADI AMERIKA SERIKAT. Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 15 (2), 235. https://doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v15i2.623

Miao, Z. (2021). Digital economy value chain: concept, model structure, and mechanism. Applied Economics, 53 (37), 4342. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2021.1899121

Minot, N. (Ed.). (2006). Income diversification and poverty in the Northern Uplands of Vietnam (Vol. 145). Intl Food Policy Res Inst.

Mishra, S. (2025). Oligopoly, collusion, entry and welfare. European Competition Journal, 21 (2), 471. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441056.2024.2440225

Mitra, A., & Rao, N. (2016). Families, farms and changing gender relations in Asia. In Family farming in Asia: Meeting the zero hunger challenge.

Moschini, G., & Hennessy, D.A. (2001). “Uncertainty, Risk Aversion, and Risk Management for Agricultural Producers.” Dalam Gardner, B., & Rausser, G. (Eds.), Handbook of Agricultural Economics (Vol. 1, pp. 87–153). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Mrutu, L. L. (2022). TOWARDS AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT: EXAMINING THE POSITION OF SMALL HOLDER FARMERS IN TANZANIA. Journal of Economics Education and Entreprenurship, 3 (1), 18.

Mukaromah, N. F. (2020). Pasar Persaingan Sempurna dan Pasar Persaingan Tidak Sempurna dalam Perspektif Islam. Profit: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Perbankan, 4 (2), 01. https://doi.org/10.33650/profit.v4i2.1621

Naamwintome, B. A., & Bagson, E. (2013). Youth in agriculture: Prospects and challenges in the Sissala area of Ghana. Net Journal of Agricultural Science, 1(2), 60-68.

Nagy, J., Olah, J., Erdei, E., Mate, D., & Popp, J. (2018). The Role and Impact of Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things on the Business Strategy of the Value Chain—The Case of Hungary. Sustainability, 10, 3491. doi: 10.3390/su10103491

Naylor, R. L. (2016). Oil crops, aquaculture, and the rising role of demand: A fresh perspective on food security. Global Food Security, 11, 17-25.

Nontu, Y., Mbelebele, Z., Mdoda, L., Dumisa, B. M., Ndwandwe, N., Gidi, L. S., & Xaba, M. (2025). Determinants And Risk Mitigation In Livestock Management Practices Among Smallholder Farmers In The Eastern Cape Province Of South Africa. Frontiers In Sustainable Food Systems, 9. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fsufs.2025.1636417

Normansyah, D., Rochaeni, S., & Humaerah, A. D. (2014). Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Sayuran Di Kelompok Tani Jaya, Desa Ciaruteun Ilir, Kecamatan Cibungbulang, Kabupaten Bogor. Agribusiness Journal, 8(1), 29–44. Https://Doi.Org/10.15408/Aj.V8i1.5127

North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808678

Novia, R. A., Purwanto, P., Susanto, L., Prakoso, B., Ismangil, Rif’an, M., Noorhidayah, R., Kurniawan, R. E. K., Sulistyo, H., & Hani, A. (2023). Riset Pasar Pupuk Kasgot. Jurnal Agrica, 16(2), 136–151. Https://Doi.Org/10.31289/Agrica.V16i2.8562

Nuryitmawan, T. R. (2021). The impact of credit on multidimensional poverty in rural areas: a case study of the Indonesian Agricultural Sector. Agriecobis: Journal of Agricultural Socioeconomics and Business, 4(1), 32-45.

Olofsson, M., Ros-Tonen, M., Gupta, J., Piters, B. S. & van Leynseele, Y. (2021). Rethinking the divide: Exploring the interdependence between global and nested local markets. Journal of Rural Studies, 83, 60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.02.018

Olson, M. (1965). The logic of collective action: Public goods and the theory of groups. Harvard University Press.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2023). Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2023. Paris: OECD Publishing.

Osorio, C. G., Abriningrum, D. E., Armas, E. B., & Firdaus, M. (2011). Who is benefiting from fertilizer subsidies in Indonesia? (Policy Research Working Paper No. 5758). World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5758

Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807763

Otsuka, K. (2026). Strategy for Transforming Indonesian Agriculture. Kobe University Repository : Kernel.

Peterman, A., Behrman, J. A., & Quisumbing, A. R. (2014). A review of empirical evidence on gender differences in nonland agricultural inputs, technology, and services in developing countries. In A. R. Quisumbing, R. Meinzen-Dick, T. L. Raney, A. Croppenstedt, J. A. Behrman, & A. Peterman (Eds.), Gender in agriculture: Closing the knowledge gap (pp. 145-186). Dordrecht: Springer.

Phillip, S., Hunter, C., & Blackstock, K. (2010). A typology for defining agritourism. Tourism Management, 31(6), 754-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.08.001

Pingali, P. L. (2012). Green Revolution: Impacts, limits, and the path ahead. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(31), 12302–12308. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912953109

Piring, R., Suyatno, L., Erawanto, S., & Pandjaitan, I. (2025). An Exploratory Study On The Food Estate Ecosystem: A Case Of Papua Pegunungan Province Indonesia. Journal Of Digitainability Realism & Mastery (Dream), 4(4), 10–16. Https://Doi.Org/10.56982/Dream.V4i04.307

Polimango, A. S., Baruwadi, M. H., & Akib, F. H. Y. (2025). Diversifikasi Pendapatan Terhadap Kerentanan Kemiskinan pada Rumah Tangga Petani Padi Sawah di Kecamatan Kabila Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Economic Reviews Journal, 4(1), 272-285.

Portes, A. (1998). Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.1

Pranadji, T. (2003). Menuju transformasi kelembagaan dalam pembangunan pertanian dan pedesaan. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian. Bogor.

Pretty, J. (2008). Agricultural sustainability: Concepts, principles and evidence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363(1491), 447–465. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2163

Pretty, J. (2018). Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems. London: Routledge.

Pretty, J., & Ward, H. (2001). Social capital and the environment. World Development, 29(2), 209–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X (00)00098-X

Purnawan, E., Brunori, G., & Prosperi, P. (2021). Financial support program for small farmers, and its impact on local food security. Evidence from Indonesia. Horticulturae, 7(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7120546

Purnawan, E., Brunori, G., & Prosperi, P. (2022). Small Family Farms, A Review in Indonesian Context. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(12), 2708–2725. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.12.23

Putnam, R. D. (1995). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1995.0002

Putnam, R. D., Nanetti, R. Y., & Leonardi, R. (1994). Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy.

Putri, A. A., Fadinda, E., Anissaturrohmah, S., Qonita, Z.,& Aprianto, N. E. K. (2025). Peranan Kekuatan Pasar dalam Penetapan Harga dan Kemajuan Teknologi. Inisiatif: Jurnal Ekonomi, Akuntansi dan Manajemen, 4 (1), 323. https://doi.org/10.30640/inisiatif.v4i1.3552

Putri, R. N., Rozaki, Z., Wulandari, R., & Suryani, C. A. (2023). Aplikasi Petani Millenial Meningkatkan Produktivitas Bidang Pertanian. Proceedings University Of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Undergraduate Conference, 3(2), 212–218. Https://Doi.Org/10.18196/Umygrace.V3i2.635

Qanti, S. R., Peralta, A., & Zeng, D. (2021). Social Norms And Perceptions Drive Women’s Participation In Agricultural Decisions In West Java, Indonesia. Agriculture And Human Values, 39(2), 645–662. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10460-021-10277-Z

Quisumbing, A. R., Meinzen-Dick, R., Raney, T. L., Croppenstedt, A., Behrman, J. A., & Peterman, A. (2014). Closing the knowledge gap on gender in agriculture. In Gender in agriculture: Closing the knowledge gap (pp. 3-27). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Rachman, B., & Sudaryanto, T. (2010). Impacts and future perspectives of fertilizer policy in Indonesia. Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian, 8(3), 193–205. https://doi.org/10.21082/akp.v8n3.2010.193-205

Rachmawati, R. R. (2021). SMART FARMING 4.0 UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN PERTANIAN INDONESIA MAJU, MANDIRI, DAN MODERN. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 38(2), 137. https://doi.org/10.21082/fae.v38n2.2020.137-154

Rahayu, H. S. P., Dewi, M. & M. Abid (2021). Analysis of Marketing Margins and Farmers’ Shares on Corn in Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 36 (2), 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.49409

Rastuti, U., Sutarmin, S., Purwanto, P., Pratiwi, U., Saputra, D., Pratama, B., & Agustin, R. (2025). Inovasi Primer Dalam Agribisnis Kopi Robusta Untuk Meningkatkan Produk Unggulan Daerah Kabupaten Brebes. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Bangsa, 3(1), 135–142. Https://Doi.Org/10.59837/Jpmba.V3i1.2161

Reardon, T., Berdegué, J., Barrett, C. B., & Stamoulis, K. (2007). Household income diversification into rural nonfarm activities. Transforming the rural nonfarm economy: opportunities and threats in the developing world, 2(4), 115-140.

Reardon, T., Echeverria, R., Berdegué, J., Minten, B., Liverpool-Tasie, S., Tschirley, D., & Zilberman, D. (2019). Rapid transformation of food systems in developing regions: Highlighting the role of agricultural research & innovations. Agricultural Systems, 172, 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2018.01.022

Rigg, J. (2006). Land, farming, livelihoods, and poverty: Rethinking the links in the rural South. World Development, 34(1), 180-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.07.015

Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). Free Press

Rogers, E. M., Singhal, A., & Quinlan, M. M. (2014). Diffusion of innovations. In An integrated approach to communication theory and research (pp. 432-448). Routledge.

Rondhi, M., Fatikhul Khasan, A., Mori, Y., & Kondo, T. (2019). Assessing the role of the perceived impact of climate change on national adaptation policy: The case of rice farming in Indonesia. Land, 8(5), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/land8050081

Röpke, J. (2003). Ekonomi koperasi: Teori dan manajemen. Salemba Empat.

Ruminta, R. (2015). Dampak perubahan iklim pada produksi apel di Batu Malang Impacts of climate change on production of apple in Batu Malang. Jurnal Kultivasi, 14(2), 7.

Rusli, T. (2021). Hukum Persaingan Usaha Di Indonesia. In Universitas Bandar Lampung (Ubl) Press. Lampung: Universitas Bandar Lampung (Ubl) Press. Http://Katalog.Pustaka.Unand.Ac.Id//Index.Php?P=Show%5c_Detail%5c&Amp;Id=90825

Samosir, S. J., Sinaga, V. D., Fadillah, S. R., Siringoringo, Y. T. S., & Harahap, E. S. (2026). Perbandingan Struktur dan Perilaku Pasar Persaingan Monopolistik dan Oligopoli dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Mikro. Ekonomika45: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi Bisnis, Kewirausahaan, 13 (2), 399. https://doi.org/10.30640/ekonomika45.v13i2.6005

Santoso, P. B., & Darwanto, D. (2015). Strategy For Strengthening Farmer Groups By Institutional Strengthening. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Kajian Masalah Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 16(1), 33. Https://Doi.Org/10.23917/Jep.V16i1.936

Saptana, S., Daryanto, A., Daryanto, H. K., & Kuntjoro, K. (2011). Strategi manajemen risiko petani cabai merah pada lahan sawah dataran rendah di Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Manajemen dan Agribisnis, 7(2), 115–131. https://doi.org/10.17358/jma.7.2.115-131

Saragih, B. 2023. Pembangunan Agribisnis Indonesia. Bandung: CV Media Pertanian.

Scoones, I. (1998). “Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: A Framework for Analysis.” IDS Working Paper, No. 72. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.

Scoppola, M. (2022). Agriculture, food and global value chains: issues, methods and challenges. Bio-based and Applied Economics, 11(2), 91. DOI: 10.36253/bae-13517

Shanmugam, P. M., Sangeetha, S. P., Prabu, P. C., Varshini, S. V., Renukadevi, A., Ravisankar, N., Parasuraman, P., Parthipan, T., Satheeshkumar, N., Natarajan, S. K., & Gopi, M. (2024). Crop–livestock-integrated farming system: a strategy to achieve synergy between agricultural production, nutritional security, and environmental sustainability. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1338299

Sharma, K. B., Tiwari, K. & Jain, P. (2023). Market Efficiency and Price Spread in Jaipur District, India. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 41 (12), 214. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122321

Sholikhah, V. (2021). Manajemen Strategi Ekonomi Agribisnis Dalam Konteks Ilmu Ekonomi Mikro. Lan Tabur Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 2(2), 113–129. Https://Doi.Org/10.53515/Lantabur.2021.2.2.113-129

Sihombing, Y. (2023). Inovasi Kelembagaan Pertanian Dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan. Proceedings Series On Physical & Formal Sciences, 5, 83–90. Https://Doi.Org/10.30595/Pspfs.V5i.707

Simmons, P., Winters, P., & Patrick, I. (2005). An analysis of contract farming in East Java, Bali, and Lombok, Indonesia. Agricultural Economics, 33(s3), 513–525. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0864.2005.00096.x

Simon, H. A. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69(1), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884852

Singh, S. (2002). Contracting out solutions: Political economy of contract farming in the Indian Punjab. World Development, 30(9), 1621–1638. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00059-1

Sirajuddin, Z., & Liskawati Kamba, P. (2021). Persepsi Petani terhadap Implementasi Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi dalam Penyuluhan Pertanian. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 17(2), 136–144. https://doi.org/10.25015/17202132676

Soesilowati, E., Prajanti, S. D. W., Lestari, E. P., & Melati, I. S. (2026). Climate change, apple productivity, and adaptive agribusiness models: a case study of a horticultural enterprise in Batu City, Indonesia. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 10, 1764827. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2026.1764827

Soetrisno, L. (2002). Paradigma baru pembangunan pertanian: Sebuah tinjauan sosiologis. Kanisius.

Sorrentino, A., Russo, C. & Cacchiarelli, L. (2017). Strengthening Farmers’ Bargaining Power in the New CAP. Proceedings in System Dynamics and Innovation in Food Networks 2017, 1, 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.18461/pfsd.2017.1712

Sridhar, R., Longkumer, L. T., Pilla, A., Bharteey, P. K., Jatav, H. S., Hareesh, D., Vilakar, K., Singh, A. P., Srikar, K., Aruna, K. T., & Reddy, M. S. P. (2026). Diverse Fields For Stronger Yields: Crop Diversification Strategies For Sustainable Agriculture And Climate-Resilient Ecosystems. Frontiers In Agronomy, 7. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fagro.2025.1746895

Stiglitz, J. E. (1987). Some theoretical aspects of agricultural policies. The World Bank Research Observer, 2(1), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/2.1.43

Sugiantara, I. G. N. M., & Utama, M. S. (2019). Pengaruh Tenaga Kerja, Teknologi Dan Pengalaman Bertani Terhadap Produktivitas Petani Dengan Pelatihan Sebagai Variabel Moderating. Buletin Studi Ekonomi, 1. Https://Doi.Org/10.24843/Bse.2019.V24.I01.P01

Sugihono, C., Juniarti, H. A., & Nugroho, N. C. (2022). Digital Transformation In The Agriculture Sector: Exploring The Shifting Role Of Extension Workers. Sti Policy And Management Journal, 7(2). Https://Doi.Org/10.14203/Stipm.2022.350

Sugiura, T., Fukuda, N., Tsuchida, T., Sakurai, M., & Sugiura, H. (2023). Modeling the relationship between apple quality indices and air temperature. The Horticulture Journal, 92(4), 424-430.

Sulistyaningsih, S., & Muryani, T. (2024). Women And Strengthening The Family Economy In The Digital Era In The Development Of Msmes In Yogyakarta. Temali Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial, 7(1), 39–46. Https://Doi.Org/10.15575/Jt.V7i1.30109

Sulistyowati, C. A., Afiff, S. A., Baiquni, M., & Siscawati, M. (2023). Community Supported Agriculture Potencies as a Solution for Small Farmers’ Problems in Indonesia. Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian, 21(2), 241–261.

Sumardjo, Sulaksana, J., & Darmono, W. A. (2004). Teori dan praktik kemitraan agribisnis. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.

Sumarja, F., Firmansyah, A., & Wijonugroho, P. (2020, December 23). Agrarian Reforms in Indonesia: A Pleasure. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.26-9-2020.2302580

Suneetha, S. (2024). A STUDY ON VALUE CHAIN SECONDARY ACTIVITIES IN PROVIDING CUSTOMER VALUE IN JEWELLERY INDUSTRY-(WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HYDERABAD AND SECUNDERABAD). EPRA Journals, 11 (4), 96. DOI: 10.36713/epra0414

Suprehatin, Harianto, H., Hakim, R. I., & Akzar, R. (2025). Segmentasi Dan Targeting Petani Sebagai Basis Perumusan Kebijakan Pertanian Di Indonesia. Policy Brief Pertanian Kelautan Dan Biosains Tropika, 7(3), 1330–1335. Https://Doi.Org/10.29244/Agro-Maritim.0703.1330-1335

Suproni, M. (2023). SISTEM PERTANIAN TERPADU TANAMAN PADI DAN BEBEK PETELUR. Jurnal Kommunity Online, 3(2), 219–230. https://doi.org/10.15408/jko.v2i2.29287

Suratiyah, K. 2015. Ilmu Usahatani. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.

Susilowati, S. H. (2016). Fenomena penuaan petani dan berkurangnya tenaga kerja muda serta implikasinya bagi kebijakan pembangunan pertanian. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 34(1), 35–55. https://doi.org/10.21082/fae.v34n1.2016.35-55

Susilowati, S. H., & Tinaprilla, N. (2012). Analisis efisiensi usahatani tebu di Jawa Timur. Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri, 18(4), 162–172. https://doi.org/10.21082/littri.v18n4.2012.162-172

Swastika, D. K. S., Agustian, A., Suryana, A., Muslim, C., Sunarsih, Nf., & Perdana, R. P. (2021). TINJAUAN HISTORIS TEKNOLOGI VARIETAS UNGGUL DAN PROGRAM INTENSIFIKASI DALAM PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS PADI BERKELANJUTAN. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 39(2), 103. https://doi.org/10.21082/fae.v39n2.2021.103-114

Syahputri, D. A. (2024). Peran Pertanian dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi: Penilaian Transformasi Struktural dan Dinamika Pertumbuhan Ekonomi. Nomico Journal, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.62872/9b067153

Syahyuti, T. H. (2007). Kebijakan pengembangan gabungan kelompok tani (gapoktan) sebagai kelembagaan ekonomi di perdesaan. J Anal Kebijak Pertan, 4(8), 66-72.

Syahza, A., & Suarman, S. (2013). Strategi Pengembangan Daerah Tertinggal Dalam Upaya Percepatan Pembangunan Ekonomi Pedesaan. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Kajian Masalah Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 14(1), 126. Https://Doi.Org/10.23917/Jep.V14i1.166

Tambunan, T. 2023. Ekonomi Pertanian dan Pengembangan Usahatani. Jakarta: Kencana.

Tarigan, H. (2019). Karakteristik Komersial Dan Perubahan Sosial Petani Kecil. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 36(2), 129. Https://Doi.Org/10.21082/Fae.V36n2.2018.129-142

Tata, J. S., & McNamara, P. E. (2018). Impact of ICT on agricultural extension services delivery: Evidence from the Catholic Relief Services SMART skills and Farmbook project in Kenya. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 24(1), 89-110.

The World Bank. (2023). Indonesia Country Climate and Development Report. Washington DC: World Bank.

Timmer, C. P. (1993). Rural bias in the East and South-East Asian rice economy: Indonesia in comparative perspective. The Journal of Development Studies, 29(4), 149–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389308422298

Tiraieyari, N., & Krauss, S. E. (2018). Predicting youth participation in urban agriculture in Malaysia: Insights from the theory of planned behavior and the functional approach to volunteer motivation. Agriculture and Human Values, 35(3), 637-650.

Torok, A., Kovacs, S., Jambor, A., & Maro, Z. M. (2025). Understanding the Determinants of Participation in Agri-Food Global Value Chains. Journal of Sustainability Research, 7(3), 1. https://doi.org/10.20900/jsr20250062

Umasugi, L., Setiawan, B. I., Koestiono, D., & Maulidah, S. (2024). Sustainability Of Regional Leading Plantation Commodities In North Maluku. Transactions Of The Chinese Society Of Agricultural Machinery, 55(8). Https://Doi.Org/10.62321/Issn.1000-1298.2024.08.07

United Nations. 2015. Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. New York: United Nations.

Utama, I. M. S., Widia, I. W., Arthawan, I. G. K. A., Parker, J. F., Arya, N. N., Sayaka, B., Widyastuti, S., Dahlanuddin, D., Djarkasi, G. S. S., Sumual, M. F., & Sumendap, A. L. (2025). From Farm To Horeca: Advancing Sustainable Value Chains For Tourism-Driven Agribusiness In Indonesia. Frontiers In Sustainable Food Systems, 9. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fsufs.2025.1639384

Van Asseldonk, M., Girvetz, E., Pamuk, H., Wattel, C. J., & Ruben, R. (2023). Policy Incentives For Smallholder Adoption Of Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices. Frontiers In Political Science, 5. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fpos.2023.1112311

Wardani, C., Jamhari, J., Hardyastuti, S., & Suryantini, A. (2019). Kinerja Ketahanan Beras Di Indonesia: Komparasi Jawa Dan Luar Jawa Periode 2005-2017. Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 25(1), 107. Https://Doi.Org/10.22146/Jkn.41770

WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development). (1987). Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Wei, S., & Lu, Y. (2023). Adoption mode of agricultural machinery and food productivity: evidence from China. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1257918

White, B. (2012). Agriculture and the generation problem: Rural youth, employment and the future of farming. IDS Bulletin, 43(6), 9-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2012.00375.x

White, B. (2020). Marx and Chayanov at the margins: Understanding agrarian change in Java. In Agrarian Marxism (pp. 256-274). Routledge.

Widayanto, B., Murdiyanto, E., Kuning, S., Dewandini, R., & Setyowati, R. (N.D.). Penerima Manfaat Pemberdayaan Masyarakat.

Wijaya, G. C., Ariyanto, A., Dahliana, A. B., & Suwandi, S. (2024). Dinamika Pertanian Berkelanjutan: Inovasi dan Kolaborasi untuk Kesejahteraan Petani. CV Eureka Media Aksara.

Winarno, K., Sustiyo, J., Aziz, A. A., & Permani, R. (2025). Unlocking agricultural mechanisation potential in Indonesia: Barriers, drivers, and pathways for sustainable agri-food systems. Agricultural Systems, 226, 104305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104305

Woolcock, M. (2001). The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes. Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2(1), 11–17.

World Bank. (2020). Indonesia Agro-Value Chain Assessment: Issues and Options in Promoting Digital Agriculture. World Bank.

World Bank. (2022). Indonesia Agriculture Value Chain Development Project: ICARE. World Bank.

World Bank. (2024). Indonesia Agriculture Value Chain Development Project Documentation. World Bank.

Wu, A., Mariyono, J., & Dalmiyatun, T. (2026). Transformasi Sistem Pengolahan Pertanian Dan Pola Kerja Pada Petani Tembakau Tradisional Ke Modern Di Desa Morobongo, Kecamatan Jumo, Kabupaten Temanggung. Mimbar Agribisnis Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis, 12(1), 1173. Https://Doi.Org/10.25157/Ma.V12i1.22023

Wulandari, F. T., & Zakaria, H. (2025). Kebijakan Pembangunan Pertanian Dan Pedesaan Di Indonesia. Empiricism Journal, 6(3), 1281–1294. Https://Doi.Org/10.36312/Ej.V6i3.2941

Yudichandra, F. K. (2019). Perencanaan Penggunaan Lahan untuk Pengembangan dan Konservasi Kebun Apel di Kota Batu, Jawa Timur (Doctoral dissertation, IPB University).

Zawawi, A. F., & Hariyono, D. (2019). Kajian Hubungan Unsur Iklim terhadap Produktivitas Tanaman Apel (Malus sylvestris Mill.) di Beberapa Sentra Produksi. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 7(6), 1073-1082.